cat o nine

Neutral: 100%: Poison: 100%: Fire-25%: Holy: 100%: Earth: 70%: Shadow: 100%: Wind: 100%: Ghost: 50%: Water: 200%: Undead: 50% . At Metz midsummer fires were lighted with great pomp on the esplanade, and a dozen cats, enclosed in wicker cages, were burned alive in them, to the amusement of the people. [128] The strategy used depends on the prey species in the area, with cats waiting in ambush outside burrows, but tending to actively stalk birds. 6, No. [107]:208 Nose-to-nose touching is also a common greeting and may be followed by social grooming, which is solicited by one of the cats raising and tilting its head. [158], About 250 heritable genetic disorders have been identified in cats, many similar to human inborn errors of metabolism. Lead is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82. [37][38] In 2017, the IUCN Cat Classification Taskforce followed the recommendation of the ICZN in regarding the domestic cat as a distinct species, Felis catus. It walks on the toes, with the bones of the feet making up the lower part of the visible leg. [31] A group of cats can be referred to as a clowder or a glaring. [201] Both pedigreed and non-purebred companion ("moggy") cats are admissible, although the rules differ depending on the organization. They establish territories that vary considerably in size, in one study ranging from 7 to 28 hectares (17–69 acres). [57], The domestic cat has a smaller skull and shorter bones than the European wildcat. The dewclaw is proximal to the other claws. [169], Public attitudes towards feral cats vary widely, ranging from seeing them as free-ranging pets, to regarding them as vermin. [145] Kittens reach puberty at the age of 9–10 months. Because ovulation is not always triggered by a single mating, females may not be impregnated by the first male with which they mate. [149] They can be surgically sterilized (spayed or castrated) as early as seven weeks to limit unwanted reproduction. A whip with several strips of leather at the end. The stray cats are wormed and treated with flea powder. [46] Scientists therefore assume that African wildcats were attracted to early human settlements in the Fertile Crescent by rodents, in particular the house mouse (Mus musculus), and were tamed by Neolithic farmers. The shape of the flail or scourge is unchanged throughout … typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail, bulrush, common bulrush, common cattail, cat-o'-nine-tails, great reedmace, cooper's reed, cumbungi) - cat o nine tails stock … As it is little altered from the wildcat, it can readily interbreed with the wildcat. It averages about 46 cm (18 in) in head-to-body length and 23–25 cm (9–10 in) in height, with about 30 cm (12 in) long tails. [49] Genetic diversity of these breeds varies between regions, and is lowest in purebred populations, which show more than 20 deleterious genetic disorders. [206][207] Cats eventually displaced weasels as the pest control of choice because they were more pleasant to have around the house and were more enthusiastic hunters of mice. A. Fores Tamayo. [120][121], Feral cats and free-fed house cats consume several small meals in a day. We have a pet cat called Archie. [166] [69], The cat is digitigrade. A cat put one of its nine lives to the test Thursday after it jumped out of a fifth-floor window to escape a fire in Englewood. A multi skilled band of actors,singers and minstrels who have been comprehensively trained in the Islands history. Traders are now worried that the Fed isn’t being proactive enough . In 1648 Louis XIV, crowned with a wreath of roses and carrying a bunch of roses in his hand, kindled the fire, danced at it and partook of the banquet afterwards in the town hall. [123] Some also develop odd eating habits and like to eat or chew on things like wool, plastic, cables, paper, string, aluminum foil, or even coal. Jackson's idea for "Black Cat" was based on a warning to a rebel involved in substance abuse, in addition to the consequences of drug addiction. svg-play Play. [167], Feral cats are domestic cats that were born in or have reverted to a wild state. Amazon Apple Audible Google Kobo. [201], Cats can be infected or infested with viruses, bacteria, fungus, protozoans, arthropods or worms that can transmit diseases to humans. [115], When cats become aggressive, they try to make themselves appear larger and more threatening by raising their fur, arching their backs, turning sideways and hissing or spitting. Her tails can be used as whips, and each of her nine … [63] The premolar and first molar together compose the carnassial pair on each side of the mouth, which efficiently shears meat into small pieces, like a pair of scissors. Cats are often shown in icons of Annunciation and of the Holy Family and, according to Italian folklore, on the same night that Mary gave birth to Jesus, a cat in Bethlehem gave birth to a kitten. [91] Domestic and wild cats share a taste receptor gene mutation that keeps their sweet taste buds from binding to sugary molecules, leaving them with no ability to taste sweetness. They fight over her, and the victor wins the right to mate. [66] Cats can voluntarily extend their claws on one or more paws. [61], The cat skull is unusual among mammals in having very large eye sockets and a powerful specialized jaw. He is reported to have photographed 90,000 cats during his career and maintained an archive of 225,000 images that he drew from for publications during his lifetime. This hybridization poses a danger to the genetic distinctiveness of some wildcat populations, particularly in Scotland and Hungary and possibly also the Iberian Peninsula. And ye cat o' nine is a deer old friend of mine Fer being punished every day with me hide I shall pay A good whippin' now n' then helps inspire all ye men As ye officer on deck flays ye skin of me neck Submit Corrections. Browse 107 cat o' nine tails stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. This can be hatched using a Pet Incubator. While The Cat o' Nine Tails acquires several of the stylistic flourishes that Italian filmmaker Dario Argento became principally known for, especially in the practice of the intensity put on primary colours, he is nonetheless still evolving some of the more startling characteristics created in his subsequent films. It can hear a range of 10.5 octaves, while humans and dogs can hear ranges of about 9 octaves. A juvenile cat is referred to as a kitten. [103] However, some pet cats are poorly socialized. Cats are sensitive to pheromones such as 3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol,[86] which they use to communicate through urine spraying and marking with scent glands. Cat o Nine Tails Cruises has successfully organised a variety of activities on the Island including performing arts festivals, weddings and themed events. [211] Although no species are sacred in Islam, cats are revered by Muslims. [25], The English puss, extended as pussy and pussycat, is attested from the 16th century and may have been introduced from Dutch poes or from Low German puuskatte, related to Swedish kattepus, or Norwegian pus, pusekatt. [77] However, the domestic cat has rather poor color vision and only two types of cone cells, optimized for sensitivity to blue and yellowish green; its ability to distinguish between red and green is limited. Download Full PDF Package. [209] In Norse mythology, Freyja, the goddess of love, beauty, and fertility, is depicted as riding a chariot drawn by cats. Cat O' Nine Tails. Some cat breeds are prone to having extra digits (“polydactyly”). Queens normally reach sexual maturity at 5–10 months, and males at 5–7 months. [141] Owing to the risks posed by cats eating string, it is sometimes replaced with a laser pointer's dot, which cats may chase. [146] Furthermore, cats are superfecund; that is, a female may mate with more than one male when she is in heat, with the result that different kittens in a litter may have different fathers. [40] [67], Most cats have five claws on their front paws, and four on their rear paws. One explanation is that cats adopt humans into their social group and share excess kill with others in the group according to the dominance hierarchy, in which humans are reacted to as if they are at, or near, the top. It registers directly by placing each hind paw close to the track of the corresponding fore paw, minimizing noise and visible tracks. The South Island piopio, Chatham rail,[132] and the New Zealand merganser[175] are a few from a long list, with the most extreme case being the flightless Lyall's wren, which was driven to extinction only a few years after its discovery. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. [136] This hypothesis is inconsistent with the fact that male cats also bring home prey, despite males having negligible involvement in raising kittens. This paper. She has received numerous accolades throughout her career, including two Grammy Awards, one Brit Award, two Billboard Music Awards, three American Music Awards, nine MTV Video Music Awards, and 22 Guinness World Records.. Born in Boca Raton, Florida, Grande … Nonetheless, cats can still be injured or killed by a high fall. The cat-o'-nine-tails was also used on adult convicts in prisons; a 1951 memorandum (possibly confirming earlier practice) ordered all UK male prisons to use only cat o' nine tails (and birches) from a national stock at Wandsworth prison, where they were to be 'thoroughly' tested before being supplied in triplicate to a prison whenever a flogging was pending for use as … Class: Pet Diet: Pet Food Weight: 0 Summoned Bonus If intimacy level is Shy or Awkward, Crit + 2 Hit + 2 If intimacy level is Neutral, Crit + 3 Hit + 3 If intimacy level is Cordial, Crit + 4 Hit + 4 Adds a chance of buffing the user for 5 seconds when performing a … [222], This article is about the species that is commonly kept as a pet. [1][2] Felis catus domesticus was proposed by Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben in 1777. [83][84], Cats have an acute sense of smell, due in part to their well-developed olfactory bulb and a large surface of olfactory mucosa, about .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}5.8 square centimetres (29⁄32 square inch) in area, which is about twice that of humans. [205] [143], Cats are ready to go to new homes at about 12 weeks of age, when they are ready to leave their mother. Several natural behaviors and characteristics of wildcats may have pre-adapted them for domestication as pets. A deaf cat was rescued in the nick of time after falling 40 feet into the River Mersey, with the tide about to come in and the sun setting. [68] Polydactylous cats occur along North America's northeast coast and in Great Britain. Browse 105 cat o nine tails stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. ", "The evolutionary basis for the feeding behavior of domestic dogs (, "Social Organization in the Cat: A Modern Understanding", "Intercat Aggression in Households Following the Introduction of a New Cat", Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International, "Solving the Cat's Purr Mystery Using Accelerometers", "Everything You Need to Know About Hairballs", "Blood sugar levels and renal sugar excretion after the intake of high carbohydrate diets in cats", "The impact of free-ranging domestic cats on wildlife of the United States", "Mesopredator release and avifaunal extinctions in a fragmented system", "Why does a cat play with its prey before killing it? [142], Female cats, called queens, are polyestrous with several estrus cycles during a year, lasting usually 21 days. The Greek historian Herodotus reported that killing a cat was forbidden, and when a household cat died, the entire family mourned and shaved their eyebrows. Cat O' Nine Tails Card: 0.02%: Elemental Damage. 2 Nine Tail . Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. [134], Another poorly understood element of cat hunting behavior is the presentation of prey to human guardians. [162], The domestic cat is a cosmopolitan species and occurs across much of the world. Camera: Canon 5D, 50mm lens, Adobe RGB profile, shot on light table." Common Admission Test or CAT exam is a common aptitude test which is a gateway to 20 IIMs and over 1,200 B-schools in India. The cat o' nine tails was widely used and was referred to in print many years prior to the first use of 'let the cat out of the bag'. [42], Cats have seven cervical vertebrae (as do most mammals); 13 thoracic vertebrae (humans have 12); seven lumbar vertebrae (humans have five); three sacral vertebrae (as do most mammals, but humans have five); and a variable number of caudal vertebrae in the tail (humans have only vestigial caudal vertebrae, fused into an internal coccyx). It was suspended in the Royal Navy in 1879 but had been falling into disuse long before that. mine hour is not yet come. Most adult cats are lactose intolerant; the sugar in milk is not easily digested and may cause soft stools or diarrhea. [157], Neutering increases life expectancy: one study found castrated male cats live twice as long as intact males, while spayed female cats live 62% longer than intact females. [91], To aid with navigation and sensation, cats have dozens of movable whiskers (vibrissae) over their body, especially their faces. Their first person interpretation of the Islands history using drama is a first for an historic site in Australia and has been highly acclaimed. General estimates for the global population of domestic cats range widely from anywhere between 200 million to 600 million. Buy now. cat-o’-nine-tails (1866-79) – photograph: National Maritime Museum The noun cat-o’-nine-tails denotes a rope whip with nine knotted cords, formerly used, especially at sea, to flog offenders. When used in conjunction with Technology 2, Isaac shoots a tear along with the laser, but the tear goes at the slowest speed. [117], Serious damage is rare, as the fights are usually short in duration, with the loser running away with little more than a few scratches to the face and ears. More proximally is a protrusion which appears to be a sixth "finger". leather whip, close-up - cat o nine tails stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. [213] The story has no origin in early Muslim writers, and seems to confuse a story of a later Sufi saint, Ahmed ar-Rifa'i, centuries after Muhammad. It is also written that neither cats nor foxes are represented in the water, while every other animal has an incarnation species in the water. The scourge, or flail, and the crook are the two symbols of power and domination depicted in the hands of Osiris in Egyptian monuments. The Cat O'Nine Tails. The cat slunk away into the darkness. The frequency and size of meals varies between individuals. Given this support, their lifespans are increased, and behavior and nuisance problems caused by competition for food are reduced.[168]. [129]:153, Domestic cats, especially young kittens, are known for their love of play. Voila! In Japan, the maneki neko cat is a symbol of good fortune. [124], Cats hunt small prey, primarily birds and rodents,[125] and are often used as a form of pest control. READ PAPER "Valenzuela's Cat-O-Nine-Deaths" Download "Valenzuela's Cat-O-Nine-Deaths" A. Fores Tamayo. [165] [215], Many cultures have negative superstitions about cats. [80] It can detect an extremely broad range of frequencies ranging from 55 Hz to 79,000 Hz. Neutering will decrease or eliminate this behavior in many cases, suggesting that the behavior is linked to sex hormones. Define cat-o'-nine-tails. Due to its ability to thrive in almost any terrestrial habitat, it is among the world's most invasive species. In 2007, it was considered a subspecies, F. silvestris catus, of the European wildcat (F. silvestris) following results of phylogenetic research. A whipping by a cat-o'-nine-tails was a common punishment during the Napoleonic Wars. The leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) was tamed independently in China around 5500 BC. When used in conjunction with Brimstone, the amount of time the laser is on the screen is lessened (meaning less damage potential), without any real plus. These are vital in feeding, since cats' small molars cannot chew food effectively, and cats are largely incapable of mastication. [87] Between these territories are neutral areas where cats watch and greet one another without territorial conflicts. … When it overpowers its prey, a cat delivers a lethal neck bite with its two long canine teeth, inserting them between two of the prey's vertebrae and severing its spinal cord, causing irreversible paralysis and death. Reduced fire rate. The French kings often witnessed these spectacles and even lit the bonfire with their own hands. Ingeniously plotted, with richly drawn characters and Jeffrey Archer's trademark unexpected conclusions, some of these 13 stories were inspired by the two years he spent in prison, including the story of a company chairman who tries to poison his wife while on a trip to St. Petersburg - … [45], The earliest known indication for the taming of an African wildcat (F. lybica) was excavated close by a human Neolithic grave in Shillourokambos, southern Cyprus, dating to about 7500–7200 BC. Last year, the exam was conducted by IIM Indore. Cat O’ Nine Tales, the fifth collection of irresistible short stories from the master storyteller, is now available in paperback.. Competing cats are compared to the applicable breed standard, and assessed for temperament. You might also like. [3] Felis daemon proposed by Konstantin Alekseevich Satunin in 1904 was a black cat from the Transcaucasus, later identified as a domestic cat. Choisissez parmi des contenus premium Cat O Nine Tails de la plus haute qualité. The german Psychobilly Band Cat O' Nine Tails is back on the road. An analysis of the domestic cat genome revealed that the ancestral wildcat genome was significantly altered in the process of domestication, as specific mutations were selected to develop cat breeds. See also cobbing; ‘combing the cat’; flogging round the fleet; ‘no room to swing a cat’; ‘rogue's march’; ‘three sisters’. isn't known. Cat o nine synonyms, Cat o nine pronunciation, Cat o nine translation, English dictionary definition of Cat o nine. The earliest unmistakable evidence of the Greeks having domestic cats comes from two coins from Magna Graecia dating to the mid-fifth century BC showing Iokastos and Phalanthos, the legendary founders of Rhegion and Taras respectively, playing with their pet cats. I'll be eternally tweaking it, so if you have any corrections, feel free to drop me a line. Ariana Grande-Butera (/ ˌ ɑːr i ˈ ɑː n ə ˈ É¡ r æ n d iː /; born June 26, 1993) is an American singer and actress. [48] In addition, bites are probably the main route of transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus. [217], James Frazer wrote that "It was the custom to burn a basket, barrel, or sack full of live cats, which was hung from a tall mast in the midst of the bonfire; sometimes a fox was burned. A cat can either be a house cat, a farm cat or a feral cat; the latter ranges freely and avoids human contact. That crazy old cat just likes to put her nose into other people's business and cause trouble. Similarly at Gap, in the department of the Hautes-Alpes, cats used to be roasted over the midsummer bonfire. These provide information on the width of gaps and on the location of objects in the dark, both by touching objects directly and by sensing air currents; they also trigger protective blink reflexes to protect the eyes from damage. MR JUSTICE GRAY STARED down at the two defendants in the dock. The cat was in constant pain so they had it put down. Another possible explanation is that height gives the cat a better observation point, allowing it to survey its territory. [88] About 70–80% of cats are affected by nepetalactone. [62]:37 Although cats tend to have better teeth than most humans, with decay generally less likely because of a thicker protective layer of enamel, a less damaging saliva, less retention of food particles between teeth, and a diet mostly devoid of sugar, they are nonetheless subject to occasional tooth loss and infection. The usual ancient Greek word for 'cat' was ailouros, meaning 'thing with the waving tail'. [73] ", "The ASPCA Warns About High-Rise Falls by Cats: High-Rise Apartments, Windows, Terraces and Fire Escapes Pose Risk to Urban Cats", Biodiversity Heritage Library bibliography, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&oldid=1024063610, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2014, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020, Articles containing Old English (ca. Its composition compares the theme to the folklore superstitions of cats having nine lives and black cats foreshadowing a negative omen or misfortune. [93] Cats also have a distinct temperature preference for their food, preferring food with a temperature around 38 Â°C (100 Â°F) which is similar to that of a fresh kill and routinely rejecting food presented cold or refrigerated (which would signal to the cat that the "prey" item is long dead and therefore possibly toxic or decomposing). [90], Cats have relatively few taste buds compared to humans (470 or so versus more than 9,000 on the human tongue). [135] Another explanation is that they attempt to teach their guardians to hunt or to help their human as if feeding "an elderly cat, or an inept kitten". Since there is no evidence of native mammalian fauna on Cyprus, the inhabitants of this Neolithic village most likely brought the cat and other wild mammals to the island from the Middle Eastern mainland. One feral cat in New Zealand killed 102 New Zealand lesser short-tailed bats in seven days. Captive Leopardus cats may also display affectionate behavior toward humans, but were not domesticated. n. pl. [104], Domestic cats' scent rubbing behavior towards humans or other cats is thought to be a feline means for social bonding. It can detect ultrasound, which enables it to detect ultrasonic calls made by rodent prey. Normally, serious injuries from fighting are limited to infections of scratches and bites, though these can occasionally kill cats if untreated. [152], The average lifespan of pet cats has risen in recent decades. Texas Woman Says Cat is 30 Years Old â€“ Although She Can't Hear or See Very Well, Caterack the Cat Is Still Purring", American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, "Inherited Metabolic Disease in Companion Animals: Searching for Nature's Mistakes", "Biological Invasions in the Antarctic: Extent, Impacts and Implications", "A Review of Feral Cat Eradication on Islands", International Union for Conservation of Nature, "What is the difference between a stray cat and a feral cat? [10] Feral cats may live alone, but most are found in large feral cat colonies, which occupy a specific territory and are usually associated with a source of food. [47] +1 de dégâts +23% de vitesse des larmes. Map Locations: Guild Dungeon: Baldur. [214] One of the companions of Muhammad was known as Abu Hurayrah ("father of the kitten"), in reference to his documented affection to cats. A few attempts to build a cat census have been made over the years, both through associations or national and international organizations (such as the Canadian Federation of Humane Societies's one[192]) and over the Internet,[193][194] but such a task does not seem simple to achieve. Cat O’ Nine Tales. Adult domestic cats typically weigh between 4 and 5 kg (9 and 11 lb). These contain keratin which makes them rigid[112] so the papillae act like a hairbrush. These clumps of fur are usually sausage-shaped and about 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) long. According to Norman Davies, the assembled people "shrieked with laughter as the animals, howling with pain, were singed, roasted, and finally carbonized". In addition, while Lynds was warden, inmates were expected to refrain from making noise, which included talking. In modern times, the cat-o'-nine-tails is used as a costume accessory. Cat o Nine Tails Cruises established the St Helena Theatre Troupe in 1997. - Divides into 9 ricocheting bullets upon hitting a surface. Other articles where Cat-o’-nine-tails is discussed: Sing Sing: Frequently used was the cat-o’-nine-tails, a cruel whipping contraption whose lashes were often tipped with metal or barbs; its use was finally abolished by the New York State legislature in 1848. The Greeks later syncretized their own goddess Artemis with the Egyptian goddess Bastet, adopting Bastet's associations with cats and ascribing them to Artemis. [42] The domesticated cat and its closest wild ancestor are diploid like all mammals and both possess 38 chromosomes[43] and roughly 20,000 genes. The cat has no unique anatomical feature that is clearly responsible for the sound. Humans who have cats living in their home or in close association are more likely to become infected, however, those who do not keep cats as pets might also acquire infections from cat feces and parasites exiting the cat's body. [87] Many cats also respond strongly to plants that contain nepetalactone, especially catnip, as they can detect that substance at less than one part per billion. [137] Cats also engage in play fighting, with each other and with humans. B: "The cat who runs the Double Dice bar over on Santa Monica? Attached to the spine are 13 ribs, the shoulder, and the pelvis. It was made of rope with knots at the end to scrape the sailor's back. The Wedding at Cana. For the cat family, see, These audio files were created from a revision of this article dated 13 May 2007, Infections transmitted from cats to humans, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, Hybridisation between domestic and other Felinae species, "Density, spatial organisation and reproductive tactics in the domestic cat and other felids", "Tom-cat odour and other pheromones in feline reproduction", "The Near Eastern Origin of Cat Domestication", "Pet Industry Market Size & Ownership Statistics", "The 5 Most Expensive Cat Breeds in America", "Number of cats in the United States from 2000 to 2017/2018", "The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives", "In the Light of Evolution III: Two Centuries of Darwin Sackler Colloquium: From Wild Animals to Domestic Pets – An Evolutionary View of Domestication", "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group", "Phylogenetic Reconstruction of the Felidae Using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 Mitochondrial Genes", "The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment", "Initial sequence and comparative analysis of the cat genome", "Earliest 'domestic' cats in China identified as leopard cat (, "The wildcat in central-northern Italian peninsula: a biogeographical dilemma", "Evidence suggesting pre-adaptation to domestication throughout the small Felidae", "Feral cats: Their role in the population dynamics of, "Hybridization Versus Conservation: Are Domestic Cats Threatening the Genetic Integrity of Wildcats (, "Comparative analysis of the domestic cat genome reveals genetic signatures underlying feline biology and domestication", "The ascent of cat breeds: Genetic evaluations of breeds and worldwide random-bred populations", "Wild or domestic? These traits include their small size, social nature, obvious body language, love of play and relatively high intelligence. Hairballs can be prevented with remedies that ease elimination of the hair through the gut, as well as regular grooming of the coat with a comb or stiff brush. [114] Another common reason for fighting in domestic cats is the difficulty of establishing territories within a small home. cat-o'-nine-tails A whip consisting of nine knotted cords fastened to a handle, used in flogging. 450-1100)-language text, Articles containing Ancient Egyptian-language text, Articles containing Northern Sami-language text, Articles containing Hungarian-language text, Articles containing Low German-language text, Articles containing Swedish-language text, Articles containing Norwegian-language text, Articles containing Lithuanian-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Беларуская (тарашкевіца), Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 19 May 2021, at 22:08.

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