Ethnic Groups of Vietnam The photos showcased in this collection represent the inspiration that continued before, during and beyond the more formal Precious Heritage museum portraits. Throughout the subsequent decade, large-scale repatriation programs were implemented by the broader international community. Emigration was substantial following reunification. Exports diversified, and per capita income started to climb, nearly doubling in less than a decade. One distinctive feature of highland ethnic minority groups in Vietnam is that they are colorfully attired whether at home, in the farm, traveling or in their home town. Consequently, the median age of Vietnam’s population has been rising steadily. Co Tu ethnic group 14. [1] Each ethnicity has their own language, traditions, and subculture. The first Brau came to Vietnam about a century ago. In the north, land reform in 1955–56 was followed by rapid collectivization of agriculture and handicrafts. Subdividing the Kinh-Hoa majority, other groups are attempting to population into five broad categories, the authors find integrate economically while retaining distinct cultural that while the Kinh, Hoa, Khmer, and Northern identities. Government investment favoured heavy industry at the expense of agriculture, handicrafts, and light industry, the traditional mainstays of the economy. The Cham formed the majority population in the Indianized kingdom of Champa in what is now central Vietnam from the 2nd to the late 15th century ce. VOV VOVworld Vietnam Ethnic Groups… At present, most Brau communities are still living in the basins of Xe Xan (Xa ma cang) and Nam Khoong (Mekong) rivers. The city’s port of Haiphong was developed by the French in the late 19th century as a trade and banking centre. There are several distinct rural settlement patterns in Vietnam. Gia Rai ethnic group 18. There are 54 recognised ethnicities that filter into hundreds of subgroups. The other 53 ethnic minority groups, totalling over 8 million people, are scattered over mountain areas (covering two-thirds of the country's territory) … Wondering where to start? This surge followed two decades of post-reunification economic instability, during which a slowly developing infrastructure, excessive population growth, environmental degradation, and a rising domestic demand (that was increasingly difficult to meet) impeded economic development. Hoa ethnic group 21. Cao Dai has about half as many adherents as Hoa Hao, but both congregations are growing. Settlement patterns. Distribution of the Austroasiatic languages. The Ede are the 12 th most populous of the 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam, totaling 330,000. The adjoining city of Cholon has long been a major centre for ethnic Chinese. The Red Dao ethnic minority. The Brau Ethnic Group. Known collectively by the French as Montagnards (“highlanders” or, literally, “mountain people”), these central highlanders have affinities with other Southeast Asians and have exhibited an intense desire to preserve their own cultural identities. The Ede language belongs to the Cham and the Malayo-Polynesian language group. Vietnam’s greatest economic resource is its literate and energetic population. Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee Building, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Many of the local ethnic groups residing in mountain areas are known collectively in the West as Montagnard or Degar. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Large police and military expenditures further strained the budget and diverted resources from productive enterprises. Which Country Is Larger By Population? In the late 1950s, the governments in both the north and the south sought to resettle ethnic Vietnamese from the lowlands to the uplands. Constitute those who have Chinese of Mandarin-speaking background. Agriculture flourished in the Mekong delta, and the standard of living was significantly higher in the south than it was in the north. Protestantism came to Vietnam in 1911 and spread mainly among small segments of the urban population in the central and southern regions. This quiz is based on Britannica’s list of the world’s populations, so review that before you start. Vietnam is a multi-nationality country with 54 ethnic groups. Ha Nhi ethnic group 20. Identify the one with the larger population. It is widely believed that many of the groups—such as the Small mountain village in northwestern Vietnam. Thai, the national language of Thailand, also belongs to this language family. Gie Trieng ethnic group 19. Efforts to socialize the commercial sector and to collectivize agriculture met with resistance, especially in urban centres and in the rich Mekong delta, where the majority of farmers in the 1970s were self-sufficient, middle-income peasants. This quiz will show you two countries. The largest ethnic groups are: Kinh (Viet) 85.7%, Tay 1.9%, Tai Ethnic 1.8%, Muong 1.5%, Khmer Krom 1.5%, Hmong 1.2%, Nung 1.1%, Hoa … A third group comprising the Central Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The other 53 ethnic minority groups, totaling over 8 million people, are scattered over mountain areas spreading from the North to … About eight million of Vietnam’s current 86 million population comprise 53 ethnic groups divided into dozens of subgroups some with a mere hundred or so members, giving Vietnam the richest and most complex ethnic makeup in the whole of South-east Asia. ETHNIC GROUPS. Most highland peoples build their houses on pilings. Throughout the 1980s, roughly two-fifths of the population was under age 15. Catholic clergy and believers were forced to renounce their allegiance to Rome. Saigon was built largely by the French in the second half of the 19th century as the administrative capital and principal port of Cochinchina. While these efforts were abandoned in the south in 1963, they continued in the north. Similarly, faith-based non-governmental organizations must register with the government, and may not proselytize. Vietnam is a multi-nationality country with 54 ethnic groups. The settlements of the Cham and Khmer minorities closely resemble those of the Vietnamese. Number of births in Vietnam 2000-2025. During the period 1954–75, when the country was divided, there were three layers to the economies in both the north and the south: a bottom layer based on the cultivation of rice, a middle layer dominated by mining in the north and rubber plantations in the south, and a third wartime layer that relied on Soviet and Chinese aid in the north and American aid in the south. Vietnamese Ethnic Groups – Vietnam is the homeland of many ethnic groups. a. A settlement (background) overlooking rice paddies near Hoa Binh, northern Vietnam. The main Vietnamese people are the Kinh people, called in other name as Gin. In 1954 all foreign Roman Catholic and Protestant clergy were expelled from North Vietnam, leaving only the native clergy. The language of the Khmer minority also belongs to the Mon-Khmer group, whereas Cham belongs to the Austronesian family. Hue was the seat of the Nguyen family, which controlled central and southern Vietnam from the late 17th to the late 19th century. Dao ethnic group 15. Many other ethnic groups inhabit the highlands. In the Mekong delta in the south many settlements are strung out along waterways and roads; most are loose-knit clusters of farmsteads, with some of them scattered among the rice fields. While cultures vary considerably in the central region, shared characteristics include a way of life still largely oriented toward kin groups and small communities. 1.1.2 For the purposes of this instruction, a minority ethnic group is taken to include: Citizens of Vietnam where they have the status of a minority Individuals perceived to having membership of official ethnic groups, including, Kinh (Viet), Tay, Thai, Muong, Khmer Krom, Mong and Nung. Food production and per capita income dropped, and consumer goods were shoddy, expensive, and in short supply. Migrations have historically been predominantly from north to south; more recently there have also been migrations from the lowlands to higher elevations and from rural to urban areas. E De ethnic group 16. North Vietnam Ethnic Groups. Vietnam is a multi-ethnic country with 54 ethnic groups, each with its own language, lifestyle, and cultural heritage. Foreign expatriate workers comprise a small portion of the population, some settling permanently or through marriage. Ba Na ethnic group 02. Vietnamese is the official language of Vietnam. Lê Qua, 3 years old, Dao Cham, Ethnic Group, Ha Giang, Vietnam. Major divisions of the Austronesian (formerly called Malayo-Polynesian) languages. Ethnic minority groups with members numbering upwards of 500,000 include the 2005. socio-economic parameters of ethnic and non-ethnic people {, This page was last edited on 2 April 2021, at 01:51. Ban House (Ban Vuong) was the legendary holy man and the oldest ancestor of the Dao minority group. By the late 1980s, several countries had begun to refuse Vietnamese refugees’ automatic resettlement. [6], Kết quả toàn bộ Tổng điều tra Dân số và Nhà ở Việt Nam năm 2009, Pa Kô được bổ sung vào danh mục các dân tộc Việt Nam, http://vietnamembassy-usa.org/relations/young-envoy-vietnam, http://www.communityresearch.org.nz/research/comparison-of-ethnic-mimnority-socio-economics-with-main-stream-in-vietnam/}, Story and Images of Missionaries interacting with Mountain Tribe groups in Vietnam from 1929-1975, Authentic Old photographs of all Ethnic groups in Vietnam, Council for National Defense and Security, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam&oldid=1015541253, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, also called Viet, the largest ethnic group in Vietnam, Quảng Bình (6,572 people, comprising 87.5% of all Chứt in Vietnam), Hòa Bình (549,026 people, comprising 64.28% of the province's population), Thanh Hóa (376,340 people, comprising 10.34% of the province's population), Phú Thọ (218,404 people, comprising 14.92% of the province's population), Sơn La (84,676 people, comprising 6.78% of the province's population), Hà Nội (62,239 people), Ninh Bình (27,345 people), closest to the Kinh, the other main part of the Viet–Mường branch of the, Nghệ An (71,420 people, comprising 78.11% of all Thổ in Vietnam), Thanh Hóa (11,470 people, comprising 12.55% of all Thổ in Vietnam), Gia Lai (189,367 people, comprising 12.51% of the province's population and 66.00% of all Ba Na in Vietnam), Kon Tum (68,799 people, comprising 12.73% of the province's population and 23.98% of all Ba Na in Vietnam), Bình Định (21,650 people, comprising 1.46% of the province's population and 7.55% of all Ba Na in Vietnam), Kon Tum (497 people, comprising 94.67% of all Brâu in Vietnam), Hồ Chí Minh City (8 people), Đồng Nai (4 people), Quảng Trị (69,785 people, comprising 73.77% of all Bru Vân Kiều in Vietnam), Quảng Bình (18,575 people, comprising 19.64% of all Bru Vân Kiều in Vietnam), Đăk Lăk (3,563 people), Đồng Nai (16,738 people, comprising 56.70% of all Chơ Ro in Vietnam), Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu (8,079 people), Bình Thuận (3,777 people), Quảng Ngãi (33,227 people, comprising 82.16% of all Co), Quảng Nam (6,479 people), Lâm Đồng (175,531 people, comprising 13.53% of the province's population and 87.42% of all Cơ Ho in Vietnam), Bình Thuận (13,531 people, 6.74% of all Cơ Ho in Vietnam), Quảng Nam (55,091 people, comprising 74.27% of all Cơ Tu in Vietnam), Thừa Thiên-Huế (16,719 people, comprising 22.54% of all Cơ Tu in Vietnam), Kon Tum (39,515 people, comprising 62.40% of all Giẻ Triêng in Vietnam), Quảng Nam (23,222 people, comprising 36.67% of all Giẻ Triêng in Vietnam), Quảng Ngãi (133,103 people, comprising 89.06% of all Hrê in Vietnam), Bình Định (11,112 people, 7.43% of all Hrê in Vietnam), Sơn La (9,830 people, comprising 60.75% of all Kháng in Vietnam), Điện Biên (5,224 people, comprising 32.29% of all Kháng in Vietnam), Sóc Trăng (362,029 people, comprising 30.18% of the province's population and 27.43% of all Khmer in Vietnam), Trà Vinh (318,231 people, comprising 31.53% of the province's population and 24.11% of all Khmer in Vietnam), Kiên Giang (211,282 people, comprising 12.26% of the province's population and 16.01% of all Khmer in Vietnam), An Giang (75,878 people), Bạc Liêu (73,968 people), Bình Dương (65,233 people), Hồ Chí Minh City (50,422 people), Cà Mau (26,110 people), Đồng Nai (23,560 people), Vĩnh Long (22,630 people) each comprising less than 10% of all Khmer in Vietnam), Nghệ An (43,139 people, comprising 47.61% of all Khơ Mú in Vietnam), Điện Biên (19,785 people, comprising 21.83% of all Khơ Mú in Vietnam), Sơn La (15,783 people), Lai Châu (7,778 people), Yên Bái (1,539 people), Lâm Đồng (38,523 people, comprising 76.55% of all Mạ in Vietnam), Đắk Nông (8,087 people), Đồng Nai (2,695 people), Lai Châu (4,501 people, comprising 96.78% of all Mảng in Vietnam), Đăk Nông (50,718 people, comprising 39.83% of all M’Nông in Vietnam), Đăk Lăk (48,505 people, comprising 38.09% of all M’Nông in Vietnam), Bình Phước (10,879 people), Lâm Đồng (10,517 people), Nghệ An (411 people, comprising 96.03% of all Ơ Đu in Vietnam), Kon Tum (577 people, comprising 90.30% of all Rơ Măm in Vietnam), Thừa Thiên-Huế (34,967 people, comprising 66.79% of all Tà Ôi in Vietnam), Quảng Trị (16,446 people, comprising 31.41% of all Tà Ôi in Vietnam), Sơn La (27,031 people, comprising 91.62% of all Xinh Mun in Vietnam), Điện Biên (2,285 people), Kon Tum (133,117 people, comprising 24.63% of the province's population and 62.71% of all Xơ Đăng in Vietnam), Quảng Nam (47,268 people, comprising 22.27% of all Xơ Đăng in Vietnam), Quảng Ngãi (19,690 people), Đắk Lắk (9,818 people), Bình Phước (96,649 people, comprising 95.93% of all Xtiêng in Vietnam), Lào Cai (1,925 people, comprising 59.56% of all Bố Y in Vietnam), Hà Giang (1,161 people, comprising 35.93% of all Bố Y in Vietnam), Lào Cai (33,119 people, comprising 48.81% of all Giáy in Vietnam), Hà Giang (17,392 people, comprising 25.63% of all Giáy in Vietnam), Lai Châu (12,932 people, comprising 19.06% of all Giáy in Vietnam), Yên Bái (2,634 people), Lai Châu (6,922 people, comprising 39.48% of all Lào in Vietnam), Điện Biên (5,152 people, comprising 29.39% of all Lào in Vietnam), Sơn La (4,134 people, comprising 23.58% of all Lào in Vietnam), Lai Châu (6,693 people, comprising 99.05% of all Lự in Vietnam), Lạng Sơn (335,316 people, comprising 42.90% of the province's population and 30.95% of all Nùng in Vietnam), Cao Bằng (158,114 people, comprising 29.81% of the province's population and 14.60% of all Nùng in Vietnam), Bắc Giang (95,806 people), Thái Nguyên (81,740 people), Hà Giang (81,478 people), Đắk Lắk (75,857 people), Tuyên Quang (70,636 people, comprising 35.07% of all Sán Chay in Vietnam), Thái Nguyên (39,472 people, comprising 19.60% of all Sán Chay in Vietnam), Bắc Giang (30,283 people), Quảng Ninh (16,346 people), Hà Giang (2,922 people, comprising 73.00% of all Cờ Lao in Vietnam), Hà Giang (13,828 people, comprising 91.42% of all La Chí in Vietnam), Sơn La (10,015 people, comprising 98.60% of all La Ha in Vietnam), Hà Giang (771 people, comprising 85.38% of all Pu Péo in Vietnam), Hà Giang (127,181 people, comprising 14.27% of all Dao in Vietnam), Tuyên Quang (105,359 people), Lào Cai (104,045 people), Yên Bái (101,223 people), Quảng Ninh (73,591 people), Yao people, also known as Mien, many speak, Hà Giang (6,502 people, comprising 78.83% of all Pà Thẻn in Vietnam), Tuyên Quang (1,258 people, comprising 15.25% of all Pà Thẻn in Vietnam), Ninh Thuận (67,517 people, comprising 37.73% of all Chăm in Vietnam), Bình Thuận (39,557 people, comprising 22.11% of all Chăm in Vietnam), Phú Yên (22,813 people), An Giang (11,171 people), Hồ Chí Minh City (10,509 people), Đồng Nai (8,603 people), Bình Định (6,364 people), Lâm Đồng (22,473 people, comprising 96.70% of all Chu Ru in Vietnam), Đăk Lăk (351,278 people, comprising 18.79% of the province's population and 88.11% of all Ê Đê in Vietnam), Phú Yên (25,225 people), Gia Lai (459,738 people, comprising 30.37% of the province's population and 89.46% of all Jrai in Vietnam), Kon Tum (25,883 people), Đắk Lắk (20,495 people), Ninh Thuận (70,366 people, comprising 48.00% of all Raglay in Vietnam), Khánh Hòa (55,844 people, comprising 38.09% of all Raglay in Vietnam), Bình Thuận (17,382 people). Its long coastline provides excellent harbours, access to marine resources, and many attractive beaches and areas of scenic beauty that are well suited to the development of tourism. Fertility rate in Vietnam 2000-2025, by age group. There are 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam recognized by the Vietnamese government. Bo Y ethnic group 03. Following the partition of Vietnam in 1954, nearly one million people moved from the north to the south. Gradually they became intertwined, simplified, and Vietnamized to constitute, along with vestiges of earlier local beliefs, an indigenous religion that came to be shared to some considerable extent by all Vietnamese, regardless of region or social class. Hre ethnic group 22. They live Dak Lak, Gia Lai, Khanh Hoa and Phu Yen province. Although manufacturing and especially services grew in importance after the reforms were introduced, agriculture remained a major component of the economy. Thái Nguyên (800 people, comprising 48.51% of all Ngái in Vietnam), Bình Thuận (188 people, comprising 11.40% of all Ngái in Vietnam), Thái Nguyên (56,477 people, comprising 30.86% of all Sán Dìu in Vietnam), Vĩnh Phúc (46,222 people, comprising 25.26% of all Sán Dìu in Vietnam), Bắc Giang (33,846 people), Quảng Ninh (20,669 people), San Diu, Yao that speak Cantonese, though some know Iu Mien, Lai Châu (1,513 people, comprising 55.44% of all Cống in Vietnam), Điện Biên (1,145 people, comprising 41.96% of all Cống in Vietnam), Lai Châu (15,952 people, comprising 62.46% of all Hà Nhì in Vietnam), Lào Cai (4,661 people), Điện Biên (4,555 people), Lai Châu (12,002 people, comprising 99.08% of all La Hủ in Vietnam), Cao Bằng (2,861 people, comprising 59.27% of all Lô Lô in Vietnam), Hà Giang (1,707 people), Lào Cai (10,293 people, comprising 82.54% of all Phù Lá in Vietnam), Yên Bái (968 people), Lai Châu (592 people, comprising 65.13% of all Si La in Vietnam), Điện Biên (243 people, comprising 26.73% of all Si La in Vietnam), According to news from Dantri, an online newspaper in Vietnam, the Thừa Thiên-Huế People's Committee in September 2008 announced a plan to do more research in a new ethnic group in Vietnam. Quiz. The art performances boldly featured the finest culture of 54 ethnic groups from all over Vietnam, which will be preserved as a source to enrich people’s spiritual life and and an engine for Vietnam’s sustainable development. The city’s architecture recalls towns and cities in southern France. Indian influence is most evident among the Cham and Khmer minorities. The greatest migration outflow has been from parts of the northeast and the central coastal plain. Ethnic Groups. Since the late 1990s, the country’s economy has been on a vigorous upswing. This ethnic group settles mainly in. In the five years immediately following reunification, the government reinstituted resettlement programs in the south and intensified its activities in implementing them throughout the country, with a significant number of people moving from the southern lowlands to the central highlands. Sex ratio at birth in Vietnam 2000-2020. Khang ethnic group … Vietnam is a multi-nationality country with 54 ethnic groups. According to legend, all are descendants of Lac Long Quan and Au Co, hatching out of a hundred eggs, half of them following their mother to the mountain, the other half accompanying their father to the sea. Many well-educated people fled Vietnam after 1975. They live mainly in southern Laos and northeastern Cambodia. The Vietnamese government recognizes 54 ethnic groups, of which the Viet (Kinh) is the largest; according to official Vietnamese figures (2019 census), ethnic Vietnamese account for 85.32% of the nation's population and the non-Vietnamese ethnic groups account for the remaining percent.
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