The Copts used this opportunity to reassert their claim by petitioning a sympathetic Ibrahim Pasha, ruling from Egypt, to grant them control. Kevork Hintlian, History of the Armenians in the Holy Land (Jerusalem: Armenian Patriarchate Printing Press, 1989). Israeli control should not be extended, Homa) or additions to existing settlements. The Armenians and Latins protested, knowing that to repair or even clean a part of the church would give priority to and even suggest ownership by the Greeks. ©2000-2021 ITHAKA. The dome had to be repaired by all three or by none at all. BACKGROUND TO THE STATUS QUO ARRANGEMENTS. The wall itself and its surrounding area became a Muslim waqf. Surrounding the shrine is a walled circular yard with several stone altars ready for services during the Feast of the Ascension when tents are pitched to shade the worshippers. Visions of Reconciliation (Proceedings. This remained the situation for more than a century. “Deeply concerned by the heightened tensions & … Shuki Friedman, the director of the Center for Religion, Nation and State at the Israel Democracy Institute, said that “everyone uses the term … Israel's Jerusalem will be its capital, while Palestine's Jerusalem will be its capital." Political & religious leaders must act … France often came to the defense of Catholic interests in the holy places and was able to gain greater rights through various Capitulations from the Sultan, whereas Russia was often successful in promoting Greek claims. In sharing these areas, each community is allowed to hang a certain number of lanterns, to post and light a certain number of candles, to cense, and to worship at certain times. The Israeli courts first ruled in favor of the Copts, but then backed down and decided to take the matter under consideration, which means that the Ethiopians are still in control. It is as if they live in separate spheres or on two separate planes that never intersect. Journal of Palestine Studies The bitter medicine for the Jews is that they will have to halt all further building on Palestinian lands in East Jerusalem, give up the dream of a united eternal Jerusalem as their capital, and accept the fact that the Temple Mount will remain under Arab control. During the Jordanian control of the Old City, the Tomb of David rose in prominence among Jerusalem's Jews because Jordan denied them access to the Western Wall. Kirsten Pedersen, "Deir Es-Sultan: The Ethiopian Monastery in Jerusalem," Quaderni di Studi Etiopici (Asmara 1987-1988), p. 40. As with the original Status Quo, this demarcation should be based on current realities and not on past possession: If issues of past possession are considered, then there never will be resolution. Also in dispute is the north transept, or Seven Arches of the Virgin, which is claimed by both the Latins and Greeks. The Status of the Status Quo at Jerusalem’s Holy Esplanade Crisis Group Middle East Report N°159, 30 June 2015 Page ii they have secular allies who believe Israel’s sovereignty and freedom of worship ought not be abridged. All must respect the status quo of holy sites in Jerusalem’s Old City in the interest of peace & stability. 1. The Copts possess a small chapel attached to the edicule from which pilgrims can reach in and touch the back side of the tomb. under the direction of King Herod to support the massive structures of the Temple Mount above. Jews were allowed to pray at the narrow corridor (4 x 28 meters) in front of the wall but not to modify or repair the wall, to bring in benches or chairs, or to blow the shofar (ram's horn) on holidays. JERUSALEM (inn) – Ausgestattet mit einem Beschluss der israelischen Regierung sind am Donnerstag israelische Polizisten in das „Goldene Tor“ in Jerusalem eingedrungen. Since the structure never was designated a part of the Status Quo, Israel's Ministry of Religious Affairs has assumed the ruling role as a "neutral agent." The Armenians lost their rights to Calvary in the 1400s and were compensated with control of the opposite area, in what is known as the Armenian Gallery. Zion, I observed Jews praying at the tomb of David while upstairs a group of Pentecostal pilgrims from Ohio were reveling in the spirit of the Upper Room complete with its mihrab in the wall pointing the way for prayers toward Mecca. The upper room of the structure, known as the Cenacle (Greek for supper), traditionally has been celebrated by Christians as the site of the Last Supper, of the gathering at Pentecost, and of the first church. Make a tax-deductible donation today! The church and tomb are reached by descending a long stairway with several Orthodox altars along the way. Und umgekehrt schmälert sie den Status der Juden und des Staates Israel auf dem Tempelberg. UN urges respect of status quo of holy sites in Jerusalem UN Special Middle East coordinator calls political, religious leaders to 'act now' on tensions, violence in Jerusalem … Research and scholarship requires investment. Founded in 1893, University of California Press, Journals and Digital Publishing Division, disseminates scholarship of enduring value. Those areas controlled by a single community create an interesting pattern of scattered sovereignty. [11] This is very hard medicine for the Palestinians, who have lost so much; however, just as competing claims resulted in centuries of conflict over the holy places, so continuing to claim rights to lands already lost only will perpetuate the conflict. But in anticipation of the day when there most likely will be some form of Palestinian entity in existence side-by-side with Israel, and knowing that both peoples claim the city as holy and as their capital, then somehow the two nations have to agree on how to share the city (see Map 2). In a gesture of good will, Israel perhaps could be induced to withdraw control of several East Jerusalem neighborhoods, particularly those like Ma'ale Adumim or Neveh Ya'akov and Pisgat Ze'ev, which are more isolated from Jewish West Jerusalem. The building dates back to the Crusader period. The Status Quo term comes from the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The Latins at one time had exclusive possession of the church, but their claim was lost in the firman of 1757. Der alte Status Quo wurde durch die Wirklichkeit ersetzt, die massgeblich durch die Zunahme von muslimischer Kontrolle und Status des Tempelbergs geprägt ist, im Gegensatz zum anfänglichen Übereinkommen nach dem Sechs-Tage-Krieg. Articles should be academically rigorous but written in language accessible to the educated general reader interested in Palestine. Armenian Patriarch Manogian called the agreement "a turning point for all Christendom." In the case of the Status Quo, outside rulers came in and demarcated territorial rights. Each issue of the Journal of Palestine Studies also carries book reviews, documents and source material, a chronology and a bibliography of periodical literature. A UN peace envoy said Saturday that he was “deeply concerned” by heightened tensions and violence in and around Jerusalem. 7. Peaceful coexistence could return. Over time additional holy sites such as the Western Wall, the Haram al-Sharif/Temple Mount, the Cenacle on Mt. It is an official collection of historical traditions and influences, of rules and laws, which establish the relations, activities, and movements that are carried out in those parts of the church where ownership is shared by different Christian denominations – Read more CLICK HERE 03.6 Statement on Jerusalem and Status Quo.pdf. Muslims look to the city as the place from where Muhammad made his mystical nocturnal journey into heaven, as the "farthest place" toward which Muslims first were directed to pray, and as the place of final judgment. The Status Quo allows for a Greek Orthodox stone altar behind the shrine with Armenian, Coptic, and Syrian stone altars against the wall of the enclosure. Not looking back means that Palestinians, who until 1948 lived in the neighborhoods and villages that now make up West Jerusalem, will lose their right to have those lands returned (prior to 1948, 40 percent of West Jerusalem lands were owned privately by Palestinian Arabs). Although Muslims still claim the land as waqf, the area now is administered by the State of Israel and serves as a central gathering place for both religious and nationalist functions. If this current system of segregation could be codified into a status quo agreement of shared sovereignty, then the two peoples would be better able to concern themselves with living regular lives in a situation of peace. You are visiting the old website of The Institute for Palestine Studies. Centuries of alternating control means that both sides lay claim to the same territory and base their justification on different times in history. The Greek Orthodox, Armenians, and Roman Catholics (referred to locally as the Latins and represented by the Franciscans) are the three principal powers, with the Greek Orthodox controlling the greatest share; the Copts and Syrians (Jacobites) have more limited rights. Border controls would exist upon exit from the city, meaning that residents of both Palestine and Israel freely could enter the city. To understand how the Status Quo works and to recognize how similar principles might be applied to Jerusalem today, it is necessary to look at how space is shared at the sacred sites of Jerusalem. Although the wall was not included formally in the Ottoman Status Quo, the British got involved in the issue because of nationalist conflicts at the wall during the Mandate, culminating in the violent riots of 1929 which in turn led to the appointment of a tripartite (Dutch, Swedish, and Swiss) commission of inquiry approved by the League of Nations. Common roots mean that the three religions often regard as holy the same people and events. The common ties have meant that for centuries the religious communities of Jerusalem have struggled either to maintain or to gain rights of worship at and control of certain sacred sites. "Christian Leaders' Accord on Sepulcher Decoration Hailed as 'Turning Point,"' Christians and Israel 4, no. This has eroded the status quo arrangement that has mostly kept the peace since Israel captured East Jerusalem in 1967. Georgian and Syrian Christians lost rights to several sites through their inability to pay Ottoman taxes, while the foreign funded and politically backed Roman Catholic (Latin) and Greek Orthodox churches gained from their loss. Report of the Commission appointed by His Majesty's Government ... to determine the rights and claims of Moslems and Jews in connection with the Western or Wailing Wall at Jerusalem, December 1930 (London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1931). the "Status Quo" regime that governed the sharing of Jerusalem's holy places by various faiths and sects under the Ottomans and the British Mandate and which continues in some form to this day. Israeli police were stationed around the monastery but did nothing to prevent the change. If Israel continues to maintain control over all the land of Israel/Palestine, of course, then there is no need to discuss sharing Jerusalem. Places associated with these people are holy to more than one religion. The Abyssinians (Ethiopians) do not have rights within the church but are confined to the roof. SHARED CHRISTIAN, MUSLIM, AND JEWISH SITES. Such a solution might seem a bit farfetched, but there is a precedent for sharing sacred space through scattered sovereignty in Jerusalem that has worked with relative success, albeit on a far smaller scale, for more than a century. Similarly, they will lose the lands they very recently owned on which the new Jewish neighborhoods in East Jerusalem have been built and which will remain under Israeli sovereignty. Then during Easter 1970, the Ethiopians took advantage of strong ties between Israel and Ethiopia to reassert control. Given the imbalance of power between the two parties, however, perhaps the United Nations or the United States could play the role of arbitrator, like the Ottomans did in the past. Further defining his idea, Nusseibeh (writing with Mark Heller) suggested that "Israel's Jerusalem and Palestine's Jerusalem will each have a separate municipal council that will govern intercrossing and intersecting neighborhoods and areas which are divided by imaginary sovereign lines. As long as no local community exercised sovereignty over the other, the Jews, Muslims, and Christians of the city coexisted in their separate quarters. During the Crusades, the Latins reigned supreme, whereas during Ottoman times the Greeks and Armenians, as subjects of the Sultan, gained significant rights with a 1757 firman (edict) granting the Greeks the majority of control in the disputed churches. The commission's report, reaffirmed by Britain, ruled that "to the Moslems belong the sole ownership of, and the sole proprietary right to, the Western Wall" as waqf property but acknowledged the right of Jews to pray there. While free access is guaranteed, Israel will be the sovereign power over its parcels and the Palestinians over theirs.
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