120hm (30kn 'NS') / 75hm (40kn 'WS') / 50hm (44kn 'SS') Ka (Pi1), Kc (Pi3) The standard torpedo prior to World War II, used by all platforms during World War II: surface combatants ( Kreuzer, Zerstörer, T-Boote, S-Boote) and U-boats at night. The Fat or Lut mechanisms initiated control of the gyroscope after an initial (preset) straight running distance. Length was to the nearest meter. For example, the mechanical mechanism from the "Pi1" pistol combined with the magnetic mechanism from "Pi2" became the "TZ2". Project was dropped in favour of the "Fasan". The device to detonate the warhead was the pistol. Hier ein paar Tipps wie man in jeder Situation schnell auf ein Ziel feuern kann. Nicknamed "eto" (electric torpedo) by German crews for easy distinguishing from the G7a ("ato" air-driven torpedo). Faulty pistols. Magnetic seeker. Approximately 100 torpedoes produced, but never fielded - mainly due to several problems with both pistol and start ballistics. Only theoretic planning. TV with Improved acoustic homing and depth mechanism. Mark-14 torpedo on display at the U.S.S. Code names were intended used only through the development period for security measures. Never fielded. Improved pistols and batteries (cable-guide from the battery-chamber to the warhead for powering magnetic pistols). IX 14 inch aerial torpedo UK 1913: Aircraft: Diameter:360 mm (14 in) 18 in. Standard TI with Lut program-control type II. The resulting unit was a pure Kampfschwimmer unit with the official designation Marineeinsatzkommando (Maritime ⦠Experimental, using two primary batteries (magnesium-carbon and zinc-leadoxide) for propulsion. Experimental intermediate model for the G7ut development (never planned for production). TVa adapted for use as an anti U-Boat torpedo. a total of 5 settings on the Fat-mechanism). LT I A3 with electric depth and gyroscope settings. Ingolin/dekalin/water pumped to the motor combined with Helman pressure-conveyor (BO VI-turbine). Aufgrund der eingeschränkten Reichweite werden die bemannten Torpedos in der Regel mit Schiffen, U-Booten oder Flugzeugen in die Nähe des Zieles gebracht. Development nearly finished by end of the war. Transverse combustion-chamber. Das wichtigste ist die Wegstreckenberechnung für den Torpedo. It was scoring hits against escort and merchants to the end of the war though. for operational use), Kriegsmarine gave it a short designation "T", or "Torpedonummer", with the number given in Roman lettering (TI, TII, TIII, TIV etc.). Seit Silent Hunter 3 warte ich auf ein vernünftiges UBoot Spiel, bislang war nix für mich dabei. The principal World War II version was the Mark VIII** and this torpedo was used far more than any other British torpedo during the war. The turning radius for both patterns were 170 m. Fat II ("S-shaped loops or circular patterns): About 90 torpedoes in stock by September 1944 (a combination of new torpedoes and the ongoing upgrade of existing TV), but no certain record of usage during the war (five TXI torpedoes were recovered from the. G7a. denoting specific/minor changes within the main design. H = 60 cm (23.7") 4. TIII with improved battery and Lut program-control type I. TIII with improved battery and Lut program-control type II. Small submarines, midgets as they are called by the Americans, small speedboats, boats that are built to be blown up, and manned torpedos, here are they all, described by Harald FOCK, until 1980 Lehrstabsoffizier für Schiffslehre an der Marineschule Mürwik. Until the Hochseetorpedoboats(see the earlier article) which were destroyer in all but name, German Torpedo-boats had the responsibility of defending Entwickelt wurde der Neger ab 1943 von der Torpedoversuchsanstalt Eckernförde. Dropped from a height of 100m. Only theoretical planning. TI. 70 cm. A new version (gerät 43cp) of the TX tested for use on midget submarines (Marder/ Molch/ Seehund) with good results. Program steering was accomplished by a mechanical device coupled to the torpedo's gyroscope to alter it's course in various pattern. TV with Improved acoustic homing and depth mechanism. Based on the TI with a 6-cylinder engine and only one speed-setting. Experimental. The first letter indicates the diameter: 1. Acoustic homing (three different seekers). Less fuel than the "Goldbutt", but 7 m length. Based on the TI with a 6-cylinder engine and only one speed-setting. Older Whitehead-torpedo (developed at the end of WW1), which saw limited use during World War II. Lut program active until a ships wake is crossed/detected, upon the acoustic homing would be triggered. 31. Could not be fitted with Fat or Lut due to its short range. Ingolin/dekalin/Helman/Water pressure-injection fueled turbine, later developed with the Steinwal-BO VI turbine. Some sources claim that the "s" only was used with "a" to denote development of G7a with acoustic seeker-capability; however it is also seen used for the electric torpedoes with acoustic seekers. Mk. 3,732 were fired by September 1944, 56.4% of the total. Luftwaffe torpedo adapted for use on Kriegsmarine Kleinst Schnellboote. As a general rule, Luftwaffe followed the Kriegsmarine system of code names and designations, but with some differences. 50 produced, never fielded. Bemannte Torpedos sind sogenannte Kleinkampfmittel, deren Größe es aber zulässt, dass sie von Tauchern gesteuert und bedient werden können. The hull was of an unconventional "manta" design, which had several benefits: Less drag in the water. Torpedo Versuch Anstalt Eckernförde (TVA/E): Combined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee: Wehrmacht/Kriegsmarine: Various handbooks and regulations (, Wehrmacht/Luftwaffe: Various handbooks and regulations (, Various allied reports and captured German documents from Kriegsmarine and Luftwaffe, kept at the US National Archives/NARA (mainly RG38 and RG242/T-1022) and the British National Archives/TNA (mainly ADM 213, ADM 290 and ADM 292), This page was last edited on 18 May 2021, at 21:54. Only reached planning phase. Sein Einsatz erfolgte auf dem europäischen Kriegsschauplatz wie auch im Pazifik. II 45. Warnemuende / Torpedo aus dem 2.Weltkrieg geborgen / Oktober 1969 / Dieser gefaehrliche Fund - ein 1200-Kilo-Marine-Torpedo aus dem 2. 5 m version of the "Steinfisch". Hunted down by Hitler's army, the motley crew must outwit and outmaneuver relentless ⦠M = 75 cm (30") The number indicates the approximate length (for example, the length of a G7a is 7163 mm): 1. F = 45 cm (17.7") 3. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. A modern torpedo contains intricate devices to control its depth and direction according to a for operational use), Kriegsmarine gave it a short designation "T", or "Torpedonummer", with the number given in Roman lettering (TI, TII, TIII, TIV etc.). Luftwaffe also used the "LT" designation (= Lufttorpedo), but not limited to operational torpedoes. Oktober 2008; Rheinmetall. LT I A2 with electric depth and gyroscope settings. Faulty pistols. The number indicates the approximate length (for example, the length of a G7a is 7163 mm): Next letter(s) indicates specific features regarding propulsion and control: "r" and "t" were only used with "u" to further denote the features of the ingolin-torpedoes. 20 torpedoes built. Dropped in favour of the ingolin-engines. possible to change in flight), Temporary torpedo batteries (used on strategic places and/or as substitutes until a more permanent battery was established): These batteries were placed on quays/piers, a suitable spot on the ground or on small boats/barges (". Only at planning-stage. Improved version of the LT 1200, but similar the development ended due to the torpedo being too heavy and having too short a range (weight: 1520 kg). Lut program active until a ships wake is crossed/detected, upon the acoustic homing would be triggered. Combustion-chamber arranged horizontally in the longitudinal axis. Never finished testing (development program ended due to limited resources). GA IX gyroscope with 9a program steering. Remote-controlled by radio. Active wake-homing acoustic-seeker. Fielded in mid-1944. Project was dropped in favour of the "Fasan". It also combined further letters and numbers to indicate type and features of the torpedo: Designations for Luftwaffe pistols used the same system as Kriegsmarine, while the warheads used the designation GK (GK = short for Gefechtskopf) followed by a number and a small Arabic letter for variants. Two experimental torpedo models using the TIII engine, but replacing the conventional propellers with "schlagruder" (oscillating fins, similar to a the tail of a whale). Naval-technology.com lists the worldâs most advanced torpedoes based on performance characteristics such as speed, range and operating depth. It was used at least until October 1944 in the Ofotfiord-batteries outside Narvik, and most likely for the rest of the war on some "schwimmende" batteries protecting the major German battleships in their bases in northern Norway. Code names were intended to be used only through the development period for security measures. Italian parachute-torpedo. The traverse rate of torpedo launchers is generally quite fast, but finite. Luftwaffe torpedo adapted for use on Kriegsmarine Kleinst Schnellboote. It had restricted settings on depth mechanism, a light (empty) exercise head and other minor modifications, to ensure positive buoyancy at the end of the run and reduced stress on the engine (=less damages and loss of torpedoes, i.e. The first Kampfschwimmer training course was conducted in late 1943 by the military intelligence office in Hamburg. Operational. Electric, lead-acid (13T Special battery). Briefly used and replaced by the TV. Name Country In service date Platform / target Dimensions Warhead Propulsion Performance Whitehead Mk. Buch: "Bemannte Torpedos und Klein- U- Boote im Einsatz 1939 - 1945" Rheinmetall; 31. a = pressluft/damphgemisch-antrieb (pressurized air/steam engine), e = elektrischer antrieb (electric engine), f = fernlenkung über funk (remote control by radio), d = sauerstoff/damphgemisch-antrieb (oxygen/steam engine), p = primärbatterie-antrieb (primary battery propulsion), m = verbrennungsmaschine mit kreislaufverfahren (combustion engine recirculating air), u = sauerstoffträger ingolin spurenfreier antrieb (oxygen/steam engine with hydrogen peroxide as source for air), x = torpedo mit 3-achsen steuerung (3-axes control), r = raketen- oder düsenantrieb (rocket- or jet propulsion), s = scall, torpedo mit akustischen suchkopf (acoustic seeker), b = pressluft/damphgemisch-antrieb (pressurized air/steam engine), I = PreÃluft/dampfgemisch antrieb (pressurized air/steam engine), II = Ingolin antrieb (use of hydrogen-peroxide as oxygen carrier), A = Tiefen- und Winkeleinstellung von Hand (manual setting of depth and steering), B = Electrische Tiefen- und Winkeleinstellung von Hand (electric setting of depth and steering, i.e. Was due to be fielded in April 1945, despite several problems during testing. This page was last edited on 1 January 2019, at 07:38. Development ended due to the torpedo being to heavy and having too short range (1200 denotes the weight in kg). Experimental (several variants), not fielded. Fat I ("S-shaped" loop-patterns): It was planned for operational use on the Seehund from August 1945. the resulting advance-speed of the torpedo, considering the zig-zag pattern) can be chosen, and subsequently the straight legs between turns will be adjusted accordingly. GA 9b with 9b program steering. The "Lut-speed" (i.e. Never fielded. Experimental, using 2 primary batteries (magnesium-carbon and zinc-leadoxide) for propulsion. Low-frequency, passive acoustic seeker. Na Männer, alles klar? Ingolin (peroxide)/dekalin/helman/water fueled BO VI-turbine. A maximum range of 2300m glidepath when dropped from a height of 800m were obtained during testing. Ready for use, but only 38 were built. Torpedo dedicated for educational/ training usage (restricted settings on depth mechanism). Pressluft/Dampfgemisch-Antrieb (pressurized air/steam engine), e = elektrischer Antrieb (electric engine), f = Fernlenkung (remote control by radio or cable), d = Sauerstoff/Dampfgemisch-Antrieb (oxygen/steam engine), p = Primärbatterie-Antrieb (primary battery propulsion), m = Verbrennungsmaschine mit Kreislaufverfahren (combustion engine recirculating air), u = Sauerstoffträger Ingolin spurenfreier Antrieb (oxygen/steam engine with hydrogen peroxide as source for air, and no exposing "bubbletrack"), x = Torpedo mit 3-Achsen Steuerung (3-axes control), r = Raketen- oder Düsenantrieb (rocket- or jet propulsion), s = Schall, Torpedo mit akustischen Suchkopf (acoustic seeker), b = Pressluft/Dampfgemisch-Antrieb (pressurized air/steam engine), i and w = indicated Italian-built torpedoes (w = whitehead), I = Pressluft/Dampfgemisch-Antrieb (pressurized air/steam engine), II = Ingolin-Antrieb (use of hydrogen-peroxide as oxygen carrier), A = Tiefen- und Winkeleinstellung von Hand (manual setting of depth and steering), B = Elektrische Tiefen- und Winkeleinstellung von Hand (electric setting of depth and steering, i.e. Potential for much higher payload (a total weight of 4 tonnes using the TIII engine, compared to the 1.5 tonne total weight of the TIII). Examples: Ka, Ka1, Kb, Kb1 etc. A variant with altered tailsection/rudders. Experimental. The Zaunköning (Wren) came into service during the autumn of 1943. Standard TI with Lut program-control type II. Called GNAT by the allies (acronym from ". Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_torpedoes_of_Germany?oldid=1986510, 120hm (30kn 'NS') / 75hm (40kn 'WS') / 50hm (44kn 'SS'). H. 60 cm. Torpedo dedicated for educational/training purposes with Schulboote at U-Flotillen. During development, the pistols were often given code names designated by the industrial developer or manufacturer. Bücher. To indicate variants within the main design, a small Latin letter was added after the number, like "Pi1a", "Pi1b" etc. Experimental (several variants), not fielded. The final variant of the "flugeltorpedo". Called GNAT by the allies (acronym from ". For "short" loops, the straight distance between turns was 800 m, with a total width of the pattern-search of 1140 m All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. Forum der Wehrmacht. Ingolin/dekalin/Helman/Water-propulsion, using the aft-section and engine from the TI. Short torpedo developed for the smaller type XVII coastal submarines. 6 = 6 m 3. Im Gegensatz zu einem kleinen U-Boot muss die Besatzung des bemannten Torpedos aber aus erfahrenen Tauchern bestehen. 50 produced, never fielded. Development of the TVII, with different internal organisation of the various mechanisms. GA IX gyroscope with 9a program steering. Modifications were usually, but not always, denoted by Tnumbers. Was to be launched from a slide from shore to the water, but testing proved numerous "bottom-runners" due to failure of the launch and general quality of design and production. Intended to be an escort-killer, it achieved some early minor success only to be countered by the allied Foxer noise-making decoy. TIIIa with minor changes (probably with Lut II) and a special warhead which was never fielded. denoting specific/minor changes within the main design. This provides a useful landmark. Experimental intermediate model for the G7ut development (never planned for production). However, in some cases it was kept on also after the torpedo was fielded and designated with the "T"-number. 20 torpedoes built. The Mark VIII was the first burner-cycle torpedo in service. With Koen De Bouw, Thure Riefenstein, Ella-June Henrard, Joren Seldeslachts. Acoustic homing (three different seekers). Only theoretic planning. Development was dropped in favour of the ingolin-engines. Saw widespread use, alongside the LT I A1. possible to change in flight), Larger surface vessels like battleships (, Various types of "irregular" surface vessels, like auxiliary cruisers/raiders (, Various temporary torpedo batteries were established at strategic locations for a period of time - (for instance as a substitute until a more permanent battery was established, or as a temporary defence for an improvised naval base etc.). The initial straight distance could be set from a minimum of 500 m to a maximum of 1500 m. Wet heater. The number indicates the approximate length (for example, the length of a G7a is 7163 mm): Next letter(s) indicates specific features regarding propulsion and control: "r" and "t" were only used with "u" to further denote the features of the ingolin-torpedoes. The project was never continued. Most Never finished testing (development-program ended due to limited resources). While other nations like Britain started to increase the size and gun armament of their torpedo boats - or torpedo boat destroyers - and designed a ship that would later just be called "destroyer", the German Navy stayed with the idea of small crafts that were focus on their torpedo ⦠Ingolin/dekalin/helman/water fueled BO VI-turbine. A variant of the "flugeltorpedo" that was not pursued in favour of the LT950C. Could not be fitted with Fat or Lut due to its short range. Fielded in mid-1944. Much more stable travel compared to the traditional tube-formed torpedo hulls. Fielded early 1944. When the torpedo reached production status and was fielded (i.e. The yellow warhead indicates a practice torpedo. Proposed development of the Geier II with system for enhancing and comparing the hydrophone echoes. LT I A1 with electric depth- and gyroscope settings. Operator in U-boat could listen to the signal from the seeker and manually control the steering. Older torpedo developed in the early 1920s (prequel for the 21-inch G7a) which saw limited use during World War II. Electric, lead-acid (13T Special battery). Development ended due to the torpedo being too heavy and having too short a range (weight: 815 kg). Der Chariot , offiziell ein Torpedo des Typs Mark, war ein bemannter Torpedo der Royal Navy im Zweiten Weltkrieg, der 1942 aus mehreren vor Gibraltar geborgenen bzw. Ingolin/dekalin/helman/water fueled BO VI-turbine. TI with changed buoyancy (max air pressure reduced from 200 to 100 kg/cm^2) developed as a replacement for TIIIc (failing batteries) for use on the Seehund midget submarine. G = 53 cm (21") 2. Luftwaffe also developed a passive weapon called "Bombentorpedo" (BT), which was planned to replace the conventional torpedoes. Magnetic seeker. Initial torpedo course can be chosen, so the torpedo platform does not need to change its bearing to an optimal course for torpedo launch. Improved version of the F5a (increased capacity air tank and higher performance engine). Planned torpedo for the "Spezial-Uboote", with development ending as the uboats never were realized. Considered as replacement for both steam and electric propulsion. TIII specially adapted for use on Molch and Seehund midget submarines. "Goldfisch"-variant planned for the German "Kleinst-Uboote". No record of usage in World War II (five TXI torpedoes recovered from the. More than 100 torpedoes produced. Only theoretic planning. No BT's were ever fielded operationally. If an enemy ship is targeted, a white cone shows the angle at which the torpedo spread will hit the center of the enemy ship, provided it maintains its current speed and heading. These batteries varied from single to multiple tube launchers placed on quay/pier/suitable spot-on-the-ground or on small anchored boats/barges (. As a general rule, Luftwaffe followed the Kriegsmarine system of code names and designations, but with some differences. To indicate variants within the main design, a small Latin letter was added after the number, like "Pi 1a", "Pi 1b" etc. Active wake-homing acoustic-seeker. TIII with improved battery and Lut program-control type I. TIII with improved battery and Lut program-control type II. The concept of the German Torpedo Boats in World War I was to execute torpedo attacks on bigger warships. "Flugeltorpedo": F5b equipped with glider-attachment (wings and rudders). Active acoustic-seeker with Lut-program steering. Die Taucher bemannter Torpedos werden umgangssprachlich auch Torpedoreiter genannt. Was to be launched from a slide from shore to the water, but testing proved numerous "bottom-runners" due to failure of the launch and general poor quality of design and production. Torpedo, cigar-shaped, self-propelled underwater missile, launched from a submarine, surface vessel, or airplane and designed for exploding upon contact with the hulls of surface vessels and submarines. The desired aim direction is shown with a red line. Luftwaffe also used the "LT" designation (= Lufttorpedo), but not limited to operational torpedoes. Hexagon-shaped hull with hydrofoil wings and rocket-propulsion. Proposed shorter range than the Steinbutt, due to losing space for fuel in favour of electronics for the seeker. Wake-homing torpedo with acoustic/pressure seeker. Only theoretic planning. TIII with improved battery and Fat program-control type II. Pistols used the "Pi" designations to begin with (Pi = short for pistole). Ingolin/dekalin/Helman/Water-propulsion, using the aft-section and engine from the TI. Ingolin/dekalin/Helman/Water pressure-injection fuelled turbine, later developed with the Steinwal-BO VI turbine. Pistols used the "Pi" designations to begin with (Pi = short for pistole). 533.4 mm / 7163 mm. Short torpedo developed for the smaller type XVII coastal submarines. LT I A1 with electric depth- and gyroscope settings. Generally these consisted of simple words, syllables, or names associated with the firm or the engineers in charge of the pistols development (for example Pi "Otto", Pi "Atlas", Pi "Berlin" etc.). Less fuel than the "Goldbutt", but 7m length. Only reached planning phase. Torpedo attacks during WWI The way torpedo attacks were performed depended on whether the attacking vessel was a submarine or a surface vessel. It was airdropped from a low height and relative short distance from the target, would enter the water and travel the short remaining distance through the water solely driven by its kinetic energy. Development of the TV and TX with both active acoustic seeker and wire guidance. "Flugeltorpedo": F5b equipped with glider-attachment (wings and rudders). M. 75 cm. Nicknamed "eto" (electric torpedo) by German crews for easy distinguishing from the G7a ("ato" air-driven torpedo). During development, the pistols often got code names designated by the industrial developer or manufacturer like simple words/syllables or names associated with the firm or the engineers in charge of the development (for example Pi "Otto", Pi "Atlas", Pi "Berlin" etc.). Combined Intelligence Committee, Objectives Subcommittee. Improved pistols and batteries (cable-guide from the battery-chamber to the warhead for powering magnetic pistols). The word torpedo comes from the name of a genus of electric rays in the order Torpediniformes, which in turn comes from the Latin torpere ("to be stiff or numb"). Ein bemannter Torpedo ist eine Kriegswaffe sowie ein Kleinkampfmittel und organisatorisch der Marine oder den Kampfschwimmern zugeordnet. It also combined further letters and numbers to indicate type and features of the torpedo: Designations for Luftwaffe pistols used the same system as Kriegsmarine, while the warheads used the designation GK (GK = short for Gefechtskopf) followed by a number and a small Arabic letter for variants. Two experimental torpedo models using the TIII engine, but replacing the conventional propellers with "schlagruder" (oscillating fins, similar to the tail of a whale). German development of the Norwegian F1 "Horten" torpedo. During the height of World War II, commander Stan and a courageous group of resistance fighters are given a suicide mission to deliver a stolen Nazi submarine filled with atomic uranium. Experimental torpedo developed for coastal defence with a large explosive charge and long range. Gasoline and compressed oxygen as fuel. Variations for the letter(s) indicating specific features regarding propulsion and control: In stead of letters and numbers denoting dimensions and features, a single 3 or 4 digit number was used for some torpedo designs. Hai (bemannter Torpedo) Der bemannte Torpedo Hai war ein einzelner Prototyp der deutschen Kriegsmarine, entwickelt gegen Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges. GA 9b with 9b program steering. Gondoskodjon hajók, várni ellenfél, majd kezdje meg a lejátszást. Approximately 60 torpedoes produced, planned for fielding by end of April 1945. Simple acoustic homing. Nicknamed "eto" (electric torpedo) by German crews for easy distinguishing from the G7a ("ato" air-driven torpedo). An operator in an U-boat could listen to the signal from the seeker and manually control the steering. Considered as replacement for both steam and electric propulsion. Facebook Twitter WhatsApp Telegram E-Mail Limited drop-parametres (75kn airspeed/15-20m height), German development of the Norwegian F1 "Horten" torpedo. Only theoretic planning. Fielded early 1944. Was intended for use until the ingolin-torpedoes was ready for operational use. Torpedo pistols, program seeker-systems and other special arrangements also had their own "system" of code names, using the names of birds, fish or animals (for example Pi "Leuchtfisch", GA "Specht", seeker "Storch", control "Viper", target detector "Salamander" etc.). sichergestellten italienischen SLC entwickelt wurde. For example, the mechanical mechanism from the "Pi 1" pistol combined with the magnetic mechanism from "Pi 2" became the "TZ 2". It ran autonomously irregular search-patterns within a 1000x800m box for about one hour with speed decreasing from 14 to 4kn.
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