He entered the service of the West India and Pacific Steam Navigation Company in 1897. All she could have done was to lower her own boats to pick up such people as were in the water, or were prepared to jump for it, and get those people in boats already on board.". are only mortals, and especially when wearied with long On the trial the court instructed the jury 'that if the jury believed that the said losses occurred solely by reason of the negligence of the master of said ship and without the privity or knowledge or neglect of said defendant, that said sect. Captain Lord's sole mistake was in the manner in which he handled the situation once he discovered what had happened and not in his seamanship. THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL: then that did not satisfy you? The dangers lie not only in the boats but in the falls that lower them. These boats would only have 5 crewmen to fend off the 1500 that would be trying to get a seat. Commanders are reminded that the steamers are to a great However we know this is not the case. STAFFORD ALLEN & SONS, LTD. v. PACIFIC STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY. The first of Titanic's rockets didn’t make much of an impression on Californian's Second Officer, Herbert Stone. In fact, the Stockholm dispatched her own boats to help in the evacuation. There was one Marconi operator aboard. MR. WOOLNER: It was full up to the bow, and I said to reputation for safety, and only looks for such speed on A total of 48 men just for the boats. To save most if not all would have taken hours and more vessels and better resources then the humble Californian alone had available. (1925) 22 Ll.L.Rep. As a new Leyland Line Master, Lord was most certainly made aware of the official Leyland Line safety policy, which read: "Commanders must run no risk which might by any possibility Negligence-Duties of Harbour Board (Mersey) as to dredging channel- Damage to ship-Whether … 1500 people trying to get a seat. He was grilled by, among others, Lord Mersey, the Wreck Commissioner and head of the investigation. Two: They illustrate the time involved in making transfers even under the best condition. Rostron was not faced with the challenge of launching his own boats or conducting a lifeboat shuttle between ships. For nine decades, these official condemnations of Captain Stanley Lord and his ship, Californian, have been accepted and repeated as gospel. Still I think that even in this eventuality, the rescue work would have been... Read full post, Hi, guys! let me know what her name is." Boat #4 Under the Command of Quartermaster Perkis went back and only picked up five from the water who were still alive. Mr. Feeney and Mr. Billintizer bring up a very valid point. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Merchant Fleets: Pacific Steam Navigation Co. (No. Californian had been undamaged by its first run-in, but in Lord's mind would have been in danger if it resumed steaming. Lord spent the summer writing letters to various people, organizations, and newspapers, appealing for help with his case. Certainly, Captain Lord would have begun preparations for launching his lifeboats while underway to Titanic. Lord held command in this company from February 1913 One reason was an approximately one-hour delay by the stricken liner between the iceberg accident and the launching of the first rocket. (2) Applying Donnelly v Joyce [1973] QB 454, the plaintiff is entitled to claim her husband’s loss of income despite the fact that he does not have a direct cause of action against the defendant. What I found interesting was that a Leyland Line manager actually helped Captain Lord get another job. Official Condemnation -- Confusion and disbelief surrounds every disaster. However, upon re-reading it, and especially this particular sentence at the... Read full post, Dear John, Californian simply did not have enough crew aboard to provide that many trained seamen without compromising the equally necessary proper watch in the propulsion plant and on deck. In hours and minutes (since there is 60 minutes to an hour) this is equivalent to 1 hour and 24... Read full post, A fascinating article - thanks Michael, Erik and Tracy. 8), but it has nothing to do with the purely internal commerce of the States, that is to say, with such commerce as is carried on between different parts of the same State, if its operations are confined exclusively to the jurisdiction and territory of that State, and do not affect other nations or States or the Indian tribes. The Maritime Conventions Act... Read full post, Good very sleepy morning to all, When, therefore, the Ventura went out from San Francisco or San Diego on her several voyages, she entered on a navigation which was necessarily connected with other nations. The prudent method would have been to use lifeboats as ferries between Titanic and Californian. a humane and clever officer and commander, as well as a Within a few minutes of being rammed by the Stockholm, the Andrea Doria took on a 22 degree list to starboard. Having failed to raise money in the USA, he succeeded in London and was granted a Royal Charter of Incorporation in 1839. Secretary of the Board of Trade's Marine Department on August 10, 1912, "I had everything to gain and nothing to lose [by going to the Titanic's rescue].". I do not agree with several points, but do respect the amount of thought that was put into it. ship's captain, if he had himself believed that while in be hoped that they will ever bear in mind that the safety During the early part of World War I, Lord supervised the transport of horses for the war effort between the US and France. Accordingly, he applied for a position with West India & Pacific Steam Navigation Co. (This company was later taken over by the Leyland Line.) horizon. Some comments on the article. It was a The apprentice, Frank John Goodchild, had fallen down into the hold where he became trapped. Lord's indenture ended in 1897, after which he attended navigation school and gained his First Mate's certificate. This was made perfectly clear by written orders from his company, The Leyland Line: "Commanders must run no risk which might by any so she might have saved many if not all of the lives that There are several housekeeping and editorial things that got missed that it think will get cleaned up eventually. Lord was given command of the SS Californian in 1911. Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheat. The contracts sued on do not relate to the purely internal commerce of a State, but impliedly, at least, connect themselves with the commerce of the world, because in their performance the law of nations on the high seas may be involved, and the United States compelled to respond. 244; Maguire v. Card, id. It was not until 12:45am that the first boats left the Andrea Doria for the Stockholm, which was deemed stable enough to accept survivors. In July, he was promoted to Chief Officer and assigned to the Darien which happened to anchor in the Mississippi later that summer. Titanic: Destination Disaster, 2nd edition, 5) O'Hara-Keeton, Monica. I communicated that I had seen white Jan: You might find it interesting that the managers and supervisory personnel from Leyland Line who dealt with Lord directly... Read full post, Thanks to Tracy, Michael, and Erik! Criticism of Captain Lord for not responding to the sinking liner's distress rockets is based on the fact that Lord made no attempt at all. This simple log entry would have satisfied all of the legal and moral requirements on Captain Lord that night. This thread interests me greatly. Actions of SS Californian -- Historians no longer question that of the ships known with certainty to be in the vicinity of RMS Titanic when it foundered, the Leyland Line's freighter SS Californian was the closest. Swimmer Rescue -- Once Titanic's passengers were in the water, it would have been a race against time to fish as many out as many as possible and get them to warmth aboard the Freighter. There were many new facts and the article was well researched as well as being - as I know - well-thought-out. But seamen 12 men in each boat would have to fend off the 1500 in the water. One of those picked up after the ship went down, Cunningham, said that he called out and swam to #4, and when asked if 4... Read full post, Hi, John! They say that if he had gone full speed as soon as the first rocket went up he would have been there a good half of an hour before the ship went down. In every just sense, therefore, she was, while on the ocean, engaged in commerce with foreign nations, and as such she and the business in which she was engaged were subject to the regulating power of Congress. Congress did not, in passing sect. He was Captain Stanley Lord, master of a ship that allegedly refused to respond to Titanic's distress signals. You are running out of people. Well, as a Captain (but also a researcher) I feel that Captain Lord should have made some effort, any effort. It did not matter when he arrived before or directly after the sinking. the engine room telegraph to full speed astern and (Some pages updated 26th April 2021) When you change your email address please let me know as many "bounced" or were "undelivered" when I used to send out details of the annual Reunions! 4283 are not applicable to vessels used in rivers or inland navigation, and this legislation, therefore, is relieved from the objection that proved fatal to the trade-mark law which was considered in Trade-Mark Cases, 100 U. S. 82. These questions continue to plague maritime historians nearly 90 years after the event. They could have become swamped. PACIFIC STEAM NAVIGATION CO. ("ORITA") v. MERSEY DOCKS & HARBOUR BOARD. To quote from Captain Lords affidavit given in 1959: " At 10:30pm, I observed a brightening along the western To reverse that judgment the present writ of error was sued out. In order for this evolution to be carried out while the vessel was underway, would have forced hard choices. It is impossible to predict the chaos that would have resulted had the liner broken apart while the smaller freighter was still alongside. I would guess it took us nearly 5 full minutes The one greatest aspect about this Board is that it seeks to take apart the disaster piece by piece, and so far we've all done a super job of it, aside from the random differing opinions. Titanic: The Death and Life of a Legend, 3) Eaton and Haas. n governments, as we have already seen, foundedthe Pacific Steam Navigation Company, It was Wheel-wright who obtained in Argentina the concessions for theEnsenada Railway, the Eosario and Cordoba railway, theCentral Argentine railway, and numerous other enter-prises of the kind. If those people in the lifeboats had not survived, we would not have ANY survivor accounts or survivor technical information to dissect. Stanley Lord wisely decided to stay where he was until morning to try to navigate his way through a very obviously dangerous ice field. was anything else. the most capable commanders we have ever had. After several fruitless months of job hunting following his departure from Leyland, Stanley Lord was hired by Lawther, Latta (Nitrate Producers Steam Ship Company) in early 1913, at the recommendation of Frank Strachan, American agent for the Leyland Line. 407; License Tax Cases, 5 id. A 150-pound body slamming into a wooden lifeboat from a height of 20 or 30 feet would likely have damaged or sunk the boat. (The Ship That Stood Still, p. 15). The notion that he willingly threw away a successful career he'd carefully spent a lifetime building, simply because he couldn't bother to get out of bed, does not fit the rest of the man's life. They were made by a Captain who had thousands of other things on his mind. "Even a college athlete can't pull himself into the boat most brilliantly before me, his testimonials for good While on one of her regular voyages from San Francisco to San Diego she was totally lost, with all her pending freight and cargo, on the coast of California, without the privity or knowledge of her owner. When the reality is there was less then 120 seats available. Lightoller recalled how some of those who reached the overturned boat did not survive. Stanley Lord reluctantly submitted his resignation on August 13, 1912. and whilst he has been in command of our steamers, they of apprehension of matters happening outside the limits 244), a question of admiralty jurisdiction under the law of 1845, but of the power of Congress over the commerce of the United States. The path of liberation of their lands from evil begins uncomplicated and laid gradually. it postulates the... Read full post, Thanks for the article, guys. The commerce regulated is expressly confined to a kind over which Congress has been given control. Before Lord Buckmaster, Lord Dunedin, Lord Atkinson, Lord Sumner and Lord Phillimore, sitting with Admiral Walker, D.S.O., and Captain Marshall, C.B.E., as Nautical Assessors. in expediting or saving of time on the voyage is to be junior operator told me that the senior was on this The two were acquainted. However, another scapegoat also emerged. It is to At this time, he was offered a position with the White Star Line as a third or fourth officer. After watching this for a few minutes, I The steamship company pleaded its exemption from liability as owner of the vessel under sect. Captain Lord passed all his Board of Trade examinations As a result, after the whole thing blew over, he got a... Read full post. The Californian -- The ship was a very typical cargo vessel of the time that started life as Hull# 159 at Caladon Shipbuilding in Dundee Scotland where she was launched on November 26, 1901. British exploits in South America; a history of British activities in exploration, military adventure, diplomacy, science, and trade, in Latin American . I would like to second Mikes words. Once alongside the sinking liner, Californian would have exposed itself to serious if not fatal damage once Titanic foundered. This ship was far enough away from the disaster scene to have continued on its voyage, but elected to turn around. 123; United States v. Dewitt, 9 id. Hunt. render assistance to any individual found at sea in without help. danger of being lost, so far as the master or individual old man required three people lifting and one in the A total of nearly four hours and thirteen minutes. 1,094 likes. said, "She did not answer the Morse lamp and she has ... Read full post, Thanks to everyone who took the time to read our article and to make comments on it. Specifically, Lord did not go to the bridge to see the rockets for himself. Shipmasters are legally and morally required to go the aid of other persons in peril only insofar as they can do so without putting their own vessels, crew, or passengers in danger. Stanley Lord spent the rest of his life working with Mr. Harrison until his own death on January 24, 1962. ... Read full post, First, on behalf of Erik and Tracy as well as myself, I would like to thank everyone thus far for their interest in the article we wrote...and also for the constructive peer review were getting here. Rather, the purpose of this paper is to counter with hard fact the romantic assumption that Californian could have saved everyone aboard Titanic if only its captain, Stanley Lord, had been more decisive. I think some of the inconsistencies in the article might be due to the difficulties faced by three different co-authors who are trying to meld their individual knowledge and viewpoints into a cohesive whole. He observed: "The Californian could never have gone alongside the sinking ship. They were, after all, the masters of their ships. beset his own ship, and gone to the rescue. However, every Captain who needs help knows and does not expect a possible rescue ship to risk it all. Few, however, know much about the ship's master, Captain Stanley Lord. Lord of the Click is a 2D TopDown Clicker with strategy elements. were lost.". until March, 1927, during the whole of which period he An Encyclopedia of the Worlds Worst Disasters at Sea by David Ritchie, 5) Liners To The Sun by John Maxtone-Graham, 7) The Ship That Stood Still by Leslie Reade, 8) Wartime Disasters At Sea by David Williams, 1) Andrea Doria-Tragedy At Sea http://www.andreadoria.org, 2) Treasure of the RMS Baltic at http://www.rms-republic.com/index1.html, 3) Titanic Navigation and South Sea Crossing at http://users.senet.com.au/~gittins/index.html, 4) United States Search and Rescue Task Force at http://www.ussartf.org/cold_water_survival.htm, 1) 1881 British Census, FHL film1341917 PRO Ref RG11 Piece 3836 Folio 134, 2) Davie, Michael. MR. ASPINWALL: Did they come in quick succession? Especially one over five times his size. Super villain from planet Polybius, your planet is doomed. Sect. This is more difficult than it sounds. It took ten and one half hours and 83 boatloads to accomplish this! In his book, Titanic: the Death and Life of a Legend, Michael Davie noted: "It is difficult to imagine that Lord could have served This turns out to be true whether the ships were separated by the minimum distance suggested by those who condemn Captain Lord or the maximum claimed by defenders of Californian's beleaguered captain. If in her navigation she inflicted a wrong on another country, the United States, and not the State of California, must answer for what was done. Lord himself went down and rescued the young man, which resulted in a lifetime friendship between the two. Captain Lord described what happened that night to Senator Smith at the U.S. Senate hearings: "...When the second officer came on the bridge, at 12
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